According to the cumulative effect test, what should not happen regarding the copyright holder?

The cumulative effect test in copyright law allows limited copying of a copyrighted work under specific conditions, particularly in educational settings. A key principle of this test is that the cumulative nature of copying should not negatively impact the market or income of the copyright holder.

When considering the correct answer, it’s important to recognize that the purpose of the cumulative effect test is to balance the interests of educators and the rights of copyright owners. Under this test, copying should not result in a significant loss of revenue for the copyright holder, thus preserving the financial integrity of their works. If income is affected significantly by such copying, it undermines the fair use justification and leans towards copyright infringement.

In regards to the other options, being notified before copying usually focuses on the ethical and legal notification practices, but is not a stipulated requirement under the cumulative effect test. The benefit to a single class refers to the limitation on copying—material should primarily benefit an educational setting rather than a broader audience, which is more about scope than the impact on the copyright holder. Transforming the works pertains to fair use considerations but does not directly relate to the income aspect that the cumulative effect test addresses.